China’s porcelain is famous all over the world, and “Kiln” is inseparable from producing porcelain. In China’s ancient and modern history, there are some very famous “Kiln”, among which the 10 famous kilns in China are even more impressive.
1.Ge Kiln 哥窑
“Ge Kiln” is one of the five famous Kiln in the Song Dynasty and has a pivotal position in the history of ceramics.
Kiln’s tires are mostly purple-black, iron-black, and tan. The glaze is a devitrified opalescent glaze with a layer of crisp light on the glaze. The color of the glaze is mostly fried beige and grayish blue. The glaze is combined with large and small grains. After dyeing, the large-patterned pieces are dark brown, and the small-patterned pieces are yellow-brown. They are also called ‘golden iron thread’, “ink pattern plum blossom piece”, “leaf vein pattern” and “wenwu piece”.
This is one of the main characteristics of Kiln.
There are various types of bottles, stoves, statues, wash bowls, basins, dishes, etc.
Antique styles are common, the bottom feet are not very regular, and the glazed surface is often shrunk and brown eyes. In order to distinguish it from De Ge Kiln (Longquan Zhang Shengyi Kiln) recorded in Ming and Qing documents, the handed down product named “Brother Kiln” in the palace, later connoisseurs called it “Handed down brother Kiln”.
Masterpieces | Brother Kiln celadon pierced ear vase, brother Kiln celadon fish ear furnace, brother Kiln celadon begonia flowerpot, etc.
2.Ding Kiln 定窑
Ding Kiln is a treasure of traditional Chinese porcelain craftsmanship. It is one of the six major Kiln systems in the Song Dynasty. It is a major porcelain Kiln system that emerged after Xing Kiln white porcelain in the Tang Dynasty.
The main production area is in the area of Jianci Village, Yebei Village, Dongyanchuan Village and Xiyanchuan Village in Quyang County (formerly Dingzhou City), Baoding City, Hebei Province. Because the area was under the jurisdiction of Dingzhou during the Tang and Song Dynasties, it was named Kiln.
It was decided that Kiln was originally the people Kiln, and the porcelain for the palace began to be burned in the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty. Created and burned in the Tang Dynasty, it flourished in the Northern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty, and finally in the Yuan Dynasty. It is famous for producing white porcelain. It also burns black glaze, sauce glaze and green glaze porcelain. The literature calls them “Black Ding”, “Purple Ding” and “Green” respectively. set”. Ding Kiln came from Xing Kiln. Due to historical changes, Ding Kiln has changed with the region, the use of new porcelain clay materials and the progress of porcelain making technology.
Bian Xianghe believes: Ding Kiln’s greatest contribution is to gleam in the history of the development of Chinese ceramics, leaving a glorious page in the history of Chinese ceramics and the history of ceramics development in the world.
Masterpieces｜Ding Kiln white glaze carved peony pattern folding edge plate, setting Kiln white glaze carved flower slag bucket, setting Kiln white glaze printing chrysanthemum and phoenix pattern plate, etc.
3.Ru Kiln 汝窑
Also known as Ruguan Kiln, it is one of the famous porcelain Kiln in China.
The Kiln site was located in Linru County, Henan Province. It belonged to Ruzhou in the late Northern Song Dynasty, hence the name.
It was created in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the early years of Yuanyou, after Ding Kiln, it was used to fire imperial porcelain for the court. Together with Guan Kiln, Jun Kiln, Brother Kiln, Ding Kiln, they were collectively named as the five famous Kiln.
Among them, Ru Kiln is also known as the first of northern celadon and the crown of the five famous Kiln.
The porcelain ware produced by Ru Kiln is simple in shape, with dark gray fetal bones, glazed with precious agate, the glaze is gentle and soft, close to rainy azure or pale white, in a semi-matt state like sheep fat jade, the glaze is thick and moisturized , Or have brown-eye hidden lines like crab claws, and intercept the decoration techniques of Kiln and Yue Kiln to form a unique artistic style.
Also refers to the porcelain produced by Ru Kiln.
The production of Ru Kiln lasted for a short time and was soon destroyed by the war between the Song and Jin Dynasties. Therefore, Ru Porcelain was extremely rare, and some people sighed that it was rare in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Since the second half of the 20th century, Qingliang Temple in Baofeng County, Henan Province, Zhanggong Alley and Confucian Temple in Ruzhou City have been identified as possible Kiln sites for Ru Kiln. The Qingliang Temple site has been designated as a national key cultural relic protection unit.
Masterpieces｜Ru Kiln sky green glaze string pattern bottle, Ru Kiln sky green glaze round wash, Ru Kiln sky green non-patterned oval narcissus basin, Ru Kiln pink green lotus style warm bowl, etc.
4.Guan Kiln 官窑
Guan Kiln was a porcelain made by Kiln for the imperial court during the Southern Song Dynasty Emperor Gaozong period. It was commonly called “Guan Kiln” at that time. Official Kiln, Maogongdong No. 1 (now in Yangzhou, Jiangsu). The Southern Song Dynasty official Kiln porcelain follows the Northern Song Dynasty style, regular and symmetrical, courtly imposing, elegant, and meticulous.
Because the fetal soil contains extremely high iron content, it feels heavy, and the fetal soil is dark brown, which is later called “purple mouth iron foot”.
The glaze is heavy and bright, the glaze is thick as pile fat, and warm as jade. The glazed surface is repeatedly finely scraped in multiple layers, the glaze sinks without glare, the texture layout is regular, and the shape is solemn.
In addition, the “flesh and bones” (the place where the fetus is exposed is like the bones of dead people, commonly known as “the bone”) was also made at that time. The official Kiln we call today generally refers to the porcelain fired by the officials of the past dynasties. In fact, history only refers to the porcelain fired in the Song Dynasty, and there will be no such name in future generations.
Masterpieces | The official Kiln celadon glaze string pattern vase, the official Kiln celadon straight-necked vase, and the official Kiln celadon glaze round wash.
5.Longquan Kiln 龙泉窑
Longquan Kiln is a famous Kiln in Chinese history, six major Kiln families in Song Dynasty.
Treasures of the Han traditional porcelain making. It is named because its main producing area is in Longquan City, Zhejiang Province.
It was founded in the Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasty and ended in the Qing Dynasty. It has a history of producing porcelain for more than 1,600 years. It is the longest porcelain Kiln series in the history of Chinese porcelain. Its products are sold in many countries and regions in Asia, Africa and Europe. The impact is profound.
Longquan Kiln is famous for firing celadon. The style of the products before the early Northern Song Dynasty was influenced by Yue Kiln, Ou Kiln, Wuzhou Kiln, and the characteristics are similar to those of San Kiln.
The carcass is thicker, the carcass is thicker, the glaze is light blue, and the glaze layer is slightly thin.
In March 1998, the Song Dynasty Longquan Kiln celadon vase with lotus petal pattern was recovered from Britain.
6.Jun Kiln 钧窑
Jun Kiln, namely Juntai Kiln, is a unique style based on the styles of Chai Kiln and Lushan Flower Porcelain. It was deeply influenced by Taoist thought and reached its peak in the Huizong period of the Song Dynasty, and its craftsmanship was brought to the extreme.
Regardless of the color rendering and the performance of various textures, Kiln’s performance technology that can be controlled at will, no one can imitate so far. Influenced by Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, the reflection of porcelain is regular and symmetrical. Both shapes and textures follow this principle. In particular, the Northern Song Dynasty official Jun porcelains strictly abide by this principle, regardless of the room utensils or large sacrificial vessels.
Regular and symmetrical, elegant atmosphere, court imposing, meticulous. Its power is heavy and simple, bright and deep.
Built Kiln, Yaozhou Kiln, Jun Kiln, as the authentic Chinese traditional porcelain culture, the style with a long history has been passed down to this day.
Observed by a magnifying glass, the earthworms walked through the mud patterns, and they were connected with bubbles one by one in a three-dimensional crawling shape. The frog egg patterns wrapped the egg nucleus and piles of eggs were about to hatch.
There are also cow blood patterns, crimson blood dark red and murderous, solemn and majestic, etc., it is difficult to describe one by one.
The hair color and texture size and distribution of the Northern Song Dynasty official Kiln Jun porcelain are difficult to be controlled by humans and are just right. It is the embodiment of the highest level of craftsmanship in the Northern Song Dynasty porcelain art.
This batch of Jun porcelain craftsmanship has long been lost, and the Kiln site also sank with frozen water. “Even if you have wealth and wealth, it is better to have a piece of Jun porcelain.”
Masterpieces | Jun Kiln Moon White Glazed Halberd Statue, Song Dynasty Jun Kiln Lilac Purple Glazed Halberd Statue, etc.
7.Yaozhou Kiln 耀州窑
Yaozhou Kiln is a treasure of the traditional porcelain-making craftsmanship of the Han nationality, the six major Kiln series in the Song Dynasty.
Yaozhou was the famous producing area of Chinese ceramics in the Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, it further reached its peak and became the largest Kiln series among the “six major Kiln series” in China, and its products became the representative of northern celadon.
The Northern Song Dynasty was the heyday of Yaozhou. According to records, “tribute porcelain” was fired for the court.
The Jin Dynasty continued to develop during the Northern Song Dynasty, and the Yuan Dynasty began to transform and moved towards the end. After the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, it finally became the Republic of China.
8.Cizhou Kiln 磁州窑
Cizhou Kiln is a treasure of the traditional porcelain-making craftsmanship of the Han nationality, the largest civil Kiln system in ancient northern China, and the famous Han nationality folk porcelain Kiln. It is said that “there is Jingde in the south and Pengcheng in the north”. Kiln was located in Guantai Town and Pengcheng Town in Fengfeng Mining Area in Ci County, Handan City, Hebei Province. Ci County was called Cizhou in Song Dynasty, hence its name.
Cizhou Kiln was founded in the mid-North Song Dynasty and reached its peak. The Southern Song Dynasty, Yuan, Ming and Qing still continued.
Cizhou Kiln is famous for producing white-glazed and black-colored porcelain, which created a new way of painting and decoration of Han porcelain, and also laid the foundation for the great development of blue and white and painted porcelain in Jingdezhen after the Song Dynasty. The white-ground and black-colored plum vase made by him is one of the largest rare objects of its kind in the country. This plum vase uses the white ground and black-colored flower-picking decoration technique of Cizhou Kiln. Among the most exquisite decoration techniques of Cizhou Kiln.
It is extremely cherished in Japan, and it is called “white ground and black scratching”. It is the most precious variety in the Kiln art of Cizhou and is regarded as a treasure.
9.Jizhou Kiln 吉州窑
Jizhou Kiln is a treasure in the traditional porcelain-making craftsmanship of the Han nationality. As a world-famous comprehensive porcelain Kiln in the Jiangnan region (Jiangxi, Jiangxi), it has a strong local style and artistic characteristics of the Han nationality.
Jizhou Kiln’s rich porcelain burning, experience and famous craftsmen have played a very important role in promoting the development and improvement of the porcelain industry in Jiangxi.
Jizhou Kiln products are exquisite and rich, especially famous for its black-glazed porcelain (also known as Tianmu Glazed Porcelain) products, and its “Konoha Tianmu” and “Paper-cut decal Tianmu” are well-known at home and abroad.
10.Jingdezhen Kiln 景德镇窑
Jingdezhen Kiln is one of the traditional Kiln furnaces in China. The Kiln family in Jingdezhen belongs to one of the six major Kiln families in the Song Dynasty.
It was born in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province, so it was called Jingdezhen Kiln, which actually consists of several Kiln ports.
Jingdezhen has a long history of porcelain-making, a complete ceramic industry system, and extensive international influence. It is a city born, prospered by porcelain, and famous for porcelain. “The deep open city.” According to records, Kiln in Jingdezhen was first burned in Tang Wude (618-626). After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, many sites of Kiln were discovered, including Yangmei Pavilion Kiln, Shihuwan Kiln, and Huangnitou Kiln, all of which belonged to the Five Dynasties period.
Masterpieces｜Linglong porcelain, blue and white porcelain, famille rose porcelain, color glaze porcelain, sculpture porcelain, blue and white shadow celadon, thin porcelain